Using Cognitive Tools in the Classroom

Cognitive learning theories indicate that integrating multiple senses in presentations improves learning.  Long term memories are stored in networks of information, and information is often stored as images and text.  There are several structures that can be used in the classroom which support cognitive learning theories.

Virtual field trips create episodes for students.  They provide students an opportunity to "go" where they physically cannot.   They support the idea that by being immersed into an experience the use of multiple senses occurs, which in turn provides a more likely chance for true learning.  By creating this experience, the students also create meaningful knowledge in which to tie other information to.

Concept mapping tools replicate the network model of memory.  Concept maps help the learner organize information and also provide a visual representation which supports Piavio's dual-coding of information (Laureate, 2010). Concept mapping not only helps the learner visualize information, but also the connections between ideas.

Cues and questions are another strategy which supports cognitive learning theories.  Cues are explicit hints about what students are about to experience, and questions trigger memories which help them to access prior knowledge (Pitler, Hubbel, Kuhn & Malenoski, 2007).  When higher level questioning takes place, students demonstrate critical thinking and meaningful learning can occur.

Summarizing and note taking help students separate important information from extraneous information and then state the information in their own words. Summary frames help students to highlight important information and help to create organization and meaning.

As I think about the benefits of using these tools and strategies in the classroom, it seems logical that not only would these structures help students learn - but also provide tremendous opportunities for evaluation and assessment.  Having students create a concept map of their knowledge of a unit of study gives a visual of their understanding.

Resources:
Laureate Education, Inc. (Producer). (2010). Cognitive learning theories [DVD]. Bridging learning theory, instruction, and technology. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Pitler, H., Hubbell, E., Kuhn, M., & Malenoski, K. (2007). Using technology with classroom instruction that works. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.